Backwards and Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays
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"Considered an essential text since its publication thirty-five years ago, this guide for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather than contra…
Book Summary
David Ball's 'Backwards and Forwards' is a concise, practical guide to reading plays from a production perspective. Unlike literary analysis, it focuses on action, conflict, and character objectives, teaching readers to analyze scripts as blueprints for performance. Essential for students, actors, directors, and dramaturgs, this manual offers clear techniques for uncovering the dramatic structure and meaning of any play.
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About Backwards and Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays
First published in 1983, 'Backwards and Forwards' has become a standard text in theater and literature programs. David Ball argues that plays are not novels; they are written to be performed, and reading them requires a specific set of skills. His method involves reading backwards from the end to understand forward motion, identifying action as the core of drama, and analyzing character objectives and obstacles. The book provides a step-by-step approach to script analysis, covering topics like dramatic structure, conflict, exposition, and dialogue. Ball's clear, jargon-free prose makes complex ideas accessible, and his examples from classic and contemporary plays illustrate his techniques. This manual complements traditional literary analysis by emphasizing the performative aspects of scripts, making it invaluable for anyone who wants to understand how plays work on stage.
Who should read Backwards and Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays?
This book is essential for theater students, actors, directors, dramaturgs, and playwrights who need to analyze scripts for production. Literature students and teachers will also benefit from Ball's performance-oriented approach, which complements traditional literary analysis. Anyone involved in community theater, play reading groups, or script development will find practical tools here. It is suitable for beginners seeking a clear method and for experienced practitioners wanting to refresh their analytical skills.
Pros & Cons
Pros
- ✓ Clear, concise, and jargon-free writing style
- ✓ Practical, step-by-step method for script analysis
- ✓ Focuses on action and performance, not just literary themes
- ✓ Numerous examples from classic and contemporary plays
- ✓ Compact size and affordable price make it accessible
Cons
- ✗ Some examples may feel dated to contemporary readers
- ✗ Limited coverage of non-Western dramatic traditions
- ✗ Assumes basic familiarity with theater terminology
- ✗ May oversimplify complex theoretical approaches
- ✗ Not a substitute for close reading of individual plays
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Frequently asked questions
Is this book suitable for beginners?
Yes, it is written in an accessible style and assumes no prior knowledge of script analysis, making it ideal for beginners.
Does it cover both classical and modern plays?
Yes, Ball uses examples from a wide range of plays, including Shakespeare, Chekhov, and contemporary works.
How does this differ from traditional literary analysis?
It focuses on action, conflict, and performance aspects rather than themes, symbolism, or historical context.
Is this book useful for actors?
Absolutely. Actors will learn how to break down scripts to find objectives, obstacles, and actions for character development.
Is this the latest edition?
The ISBN provided is for the original edition; check for newer editions with updated examples.
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